Use wechat scan QR code < / P > < p > to share with friends and circle of friends < / P > < p > < / P > < p > Elon · < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B "> a low-cost battery favored by Elon Musk is subverting China's < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6 "> the electric vehicle < / a > industry has seized nearly half of the market share and stimulated the rise of more affordable electric vehicles. < / P > < p > this kind of battery is called < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%93%81 "> iron phosphate < / a > Lithium (LFP) battery has less risk of fire and lower manufacturing cost because it uses iron to replace scarce cobalt and nickel. However, this kind of battery usually has a short range per full charge and has the risk of flameout in cold weather, which is why it is not widely used in the United States and Europe. < / P > < p > the summary data shows that in China last year, iron phosphate < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E9%94%82%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0 "> Lithium Battery < / a > manufacturers provide 30.8 GWH of energy capacity for vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, accounting for 47% of the market share. That's more than a quarter higher than the year before last, and it's clear that low-cost Volkswagen electric vehicles using these batteries are starting to take off. < / P > < p > Wang Chaoyang, a professor and battery expert at Pennsylvania State University, said: "China is in a leading position in the production scale, quality and cost control of the current generation of LiFePO4 batteries." < / P > < p > Tesla CEO musk has noticed this trend. A model 3 car made by Tesla in Shanghai already uses lithium iron phosphate battery, but the model 3 made in the United States does not. Musk posted in late February that he hoped to use cheaper materials in the cathode of the battery. Musk wrote: "nickel is the key to our expansion of < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E9%94%82%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0 "> the biggest obstacle to the production of lithium-ion batteries < / a > is that we need to use a lot of iron and lithium instead of iron cathodes for standard models!" < / P > < p > recently, the most popular electric vehicle in China is also a mini car that uses lithium iron phosphate battery to reduce costs, namely Wuling Hongguang Mini. The basic model, made by GM's joint venture in China, costs as low as 30000 yuan. According to different models, the range of Hongguang Mini ranges from 120 km to 169 km. The car uses batteries from Chinese manufacturers Ningde times and GuoXuan hi tech. < / P > < p > according to the data, Hongguang Mini sold nearly 57000 vehicles in the first two months of 2021, which is about twice the sales volume of Tesla Model 3 in China in the same period. Manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufaturer manufat. < p > < p > they are less critical of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-iron phosphate batteries than traditional batteries. U.S. and European automakers are trying to address potential electric vehicle customers' concerns about mileage, giving priority to powerful batteries that can travel nearly 500 kilometers each time they are fully charged, which is better than most LiFePO4 batteries. < / P > < p > Tesla said last year that as technology advances, the company will seek to use more LiFePO4 batteries to achieve longer range. Volkswagen said in March that it was focusing on lithium iron phosphate batteries as a leading technology for entry-level vehicles. But outside Tesla, U.S. manufacturers generally do not accept the technology because they have invested a lot of money in other types of batteries, and believe that LiFePO4 batteries have limited endurance. < p > < p > battery experts said that other Chinese battery manufacturers such as Ningde times and BYD are working hard to solve the problem of short range of LiFePO4 batteries. BYD has won the investment from Berkshire Hathaway, a company owned by Warren Buffett, the "God of stocks", claiming that its "electrodeless ear battery" optimizes the structure of the battery pack and can increase the energy density. < / P > < p > however, users said that the performance of LiFePO4 battery in cold weather may be a particularly annoying problem, which is also a common problem of electric vehicles. < p > < p > Ms. Weng, a Shanghai resident, bought Tesla Model 3 with LiFePO4 battery at the end of November last year, but sold it in less than three months. The trouble began with a cold current in early January. There is no Tesla charging station around Ms. Weng's house, so she uses a home charger. Ms. Weng said she was worried that the battery would run out when commuting and driving to work in the city. "The car stopped in the middle of the road for more than 10 minutes," she said. I don't feel safe driving such a car. " Tesla didn't respond to requests for comment. < / P > < p > since the 1990s, scientists in Japan and the United States have been leading the development of lithium battery technology. Atsuo Yamada, a professor at the University of Tokyo, said that when China tried to catch up in the first decade of the 21st century, lithium iron phosphate batteries were an easier choice to meet safety standards because they were less likely to catch fire. < / P > < p > before 2017, LiFePO4 battery has become the pillar battery in China's emerging electric vehicle market. But it then briefly lost its market dominance, in part because the government's subsidy program was more conducive to long-range cars. But with the abolition of subsidies and technological progress, LiFePO4 batteries have made a comeback. < / P > < p > Yamada Yafu has studied LiFePO4 battery for more than 20 years, and he believes that this technology is good enough to dominate the electric vehicle market. He mentioned the advantages of this kind of battery, such as low cost, fast charging speed, long service life and stable performance at high temperature. He said the cold weather problem is controllable and can be solved by better temperature control systems. < / P > < p > Professor Wang Chaoyang of Penn State University and his colleagues published a paper in the January issue of natural energy, showing the self heating lithium iron phosphate battery technology, which can be fully charged in all climatic conditions. < / P > < p > Xiaopeng company, invested by Alibaba and Sequoia Capital, has launched P7 electric cars and G3 compact SUVs equipped with LiFePO4 batteries. The price of Xiaopeng car with different battery types has not changed, but lithium iron phosphate has added additional functions, such as a more advanced automatic driving system.. (small) < / P > < p >