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On August 30, the CRISPR experiment conducted by NASA astronauts in space showed for the first time that DNA can repair itself in the microgravity environment < p > CRISPR is the abbreviation of "clustered regularly spaced short palindrome repeats". It is a genome editing tool used to produce breaks in specific regions of DNA. This technique mainly involves the use of CAS proteins in bacteria. To control where these proteins cut DNA, scientists added a specific RNA strand to CAS protein and inserted it into cells < p > guided by RNA, this protein will travel along the DNA strand until the corresponding sequence is found and cut. On earth, this advanced method has been used to edit the genes of plants, animals and human cells in the medical field. Now CRISPR technology has been delivered to the international space station, and its capability has been expanded < p > as part of the "genes in space-6" experiment, astronauts on the international space station (ISS) made breaks in the DNA of ordinary yeast, and then analyzed its self-healing process < p > Figure 1: NASA astronaut Christina Koch conducted space gene 6 experiment on the International Space Station < / P > < p > during the experiment, two strands of yeast DNA were cut off, causing serious damage. The researchers said that CRISPR was introduced into space and carried out the first successful genome operation on the international space station, expanding the possibility of future DNA repair experiments < p > "genes in space-6" experiment was proposed by four students in Minnesota in 2018. At that time, they participated in the national competition and asked children from Grade 7 to grade 12 to design DNA analysis experiments. Considering the increased risk of cancer among astronauts in space, aarthi Vijayakumar, Michelle sung, Rebecca Li and David Li designed the experiment < p > increased radiation in space may damage human DNA. On earth, the human body can repair the break by adding and deleting DNA bases, or reconnect the two fragments without changing them. However, before the "genes in space-6" experiment, these processes have not been studied under microgravity < p > Sarah Wallace, a microbiologist at NASA's Johnson Space Center and co-author of the study, said in a statement: "it is important to understand whether a repair method is less error prone." < p > this knowledge may be useful to astronauts, such as helping mission planners determine whether more radiation protection is needed. According to Wallace, "it is important to understand the radiation situation to ensure that the crew are being protected and help them recover in the best way." < p > Figure 2: NASA astronaut Nick Hague uses micro PCR hardware to explore how space radiation affects DNA < / P > < p > having this technology on the international space station means that scientists can analyze DNA damaged in space instead of relying on samples cut from earth and sent to the space station. The researchers said that although CRISPR uses the same principles in space, they need to be tailored to the space environment < p > Sarah Rommel, the main author of the study and a microbiologist at Johnson Space Center, said in a statement: "we cannot send things on earth into space without any change, because we must ensure the safety of the crew and all environmental life systems on board. For example, we provide a customized toolkit for the whole process, focusing on how to use the least safe materials to obtain the best scientific discoveries. " < p > Rommel added: "we have confirmed that such research in space is not too complicated. The test was carried out as planned and showed the expected results. " < p > Wallace believes that more work needs to be done to fully understand the repair process of DNA in space. However, she stressed that the "genes in space-6" test was successful. Looking forward to the future, "the establishment of a complete molecular laboratory in space will allow us to complete more research there"（ Small) < / P > < p >

2023-03-22 10:04:42