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automobile < / a > electrification, < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%A9%BE%E9%A9%B6 "> automatic driving < / a > technology and taxi service are helping to shape the so-called" new world of automobile ". They have become the three major trends in the current automobile industry, which may help to subvert the global automobile industry and completely change the automobile culture established in more than 100 years In 1912, when the first Chevrolet classic 6 of General Motors appeared on the streets of Detroit, it was powered by burning gasoline. About 112 years later, in 2034, the last general motors to use gasoline is scheduled to go offline. Starting in 2035, GM plans to produce only electric vehicles, from the Hongguang Mini EV, its cheapest model in China, which costs $4000, to the electric Cadillac celestiq, which costs more than $200000. In addition to general motors, Ford, Toyota, Volkswagen and Volvo are all moving in the same direction < p > governments are also promoting the transformation of automobiles to electrification. California in the United States has banned the sale of fuel vehicles in the state after 2035, and the target period of the United Kingdom is 2030. Starting from 2035, China will only allow the sale of electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. Biden's huge infrastructure bill includes 174 billion US dollars to support the development of electric vehicles, 50% more than the construction of bridges and roads. Just this week, the United States and a number of countries committed to new emission reduction efforts, which will help accelerate the phasing out of fuel vehicles But switching to electric cars is not the only factor reshaping our relationship with cars. In 2020, autopilot drove more than 3 million kilometers on the California road. It has been reported that apple is developing its own brand self driving electric vehicles, and the anxiety caused by this move is quietly spreading in the automotive industry. In the combination of electric and automatic driving, we can add more and more popular taxi service. In the next few years, autonomous vehicles will begin to replace today's human drivers. Baidu has already launched self driving taxis in Beijing and Guangzhou

1: automated driving bus operated by Baidu Apollo automatic driving system is tested in Changsha.

welcomes the "new world of cars", which is a fusion of electric self driving cars and taxi services. It will create a completely different car economy. Thanks to the connectivity of the digital network, this new business may subvert the global automobile industry and completely change the automobile culture established for more than 100 years. Herbert diess, VW's chairman, predicted: "the global transformation of the automotive industry will take about 10 years." Others think it will take longer, but they are still convinced that autotech is the way forward < p > < b > a lunch gave birth to modern < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89 "> one of the three components of Tesla < / a > < / b > < / P > < p >" new world of cars "is actually not new. Back in 1900, there were actually more electric cars on the streets of New York City than fuel cars. Thomas Edison invested a lot of money and energy to develop the early electric vehicles. But Henry Ford's gasoline powered model t clearly won the competition < p > Figure 2: earlier, GM tried to market the electric vehicle EV1, but failed < / P > < p > it took a long time for the electric vehicle to make a comeback. In the late 1990s, General Motors launched the EV-1, mainly in response to California's demand for reducing vehicle emissions. The car was nicknamed "lunshangdan" for its unique shape, but it didn't catch on. Larry burns, then head of GM's research and Strategy Division, once revealed: "GM produced only 800 ev1s, but lost $1 billion." In 2003, a young electric car enthusiast named J.B. Straubel had lunch with Elon Musk. Strauber recalled that he had a "reckless idea" at the time that perhaps we could use the batteries that were then used only for laptops to power cars. "It was a meal that changed the history of cars," Musk later said. Without that lunch, Tesla would not have been around < p > Figure 3: Tesla charging station in Clearwater, Florida, USA < / P > < p > the roadster, a sports car launched by Tesla in 2008, is simply cool. Many people think it's a new thing, but Bob Lutz doesn't think so. He is known as the ultimate auto man in the whole auto industry. He once served as a senior executive of Ford, Chrysler, BMW and other companies, He was vice chairman of general motors at the time. "What Tesla did right was to do what everyone thought was wrong," Lutz said. Others think that electric cars should be small, cheap and ugly, suitable for those who don't want to spend a lot of money on fuel vehicles. But Musk's goal is to launch a beautiful and fashionable car that can be driven by a single battery for 500 kilometers at a price of only $100000. " The deadlock was broken. GM launched its plug-in hybrid volt in 2010, and Nissan launched its own electric leaf in the same year. By 2013, under the leadership of Mary Barra, then head of development and current CEO, GM was committed to launching a new electric car bolt. Ford has just launched the electric Mustang mach-e, which can accelerate from zero to 96 kilometers per hour in 5.2 seconds < p > Figure 4: in January 2015, the CEO of general motors, Mary Barra, showed the electric bolt at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The Chinese government has also taken action and issued a series of incentive measures and regulations to promote the development of "new energy vehicles", which makes it the largest electric vehicle market in the world today. Electric cars account for 3% of global car sales in 2020, but as GM's burns puts it, "something has changed." He meant money. Car companies are now investing a lot of new money in electric cars. In addition, electric cars are easier to build because they are less complex and have far fewer parts < p > but it is not only the enterprises that promote the transformation of automobile companiesElectric vehicles are relatively simple to make. Faced with the government's climate policy, including potential billions of dollars in fines, and growing political determination to end CO2 emissions, they actually have no choice. Electric vehicles still face barriers to widespread customer acceptance, but in any case, fuel vehicles will not simply disappear after 2035. In the United States, the average car has been on the road for about 12 years However, electric vehicles can only take us halfway to the "new world of cars". Software and smart phones make it possible for the second part of the world - taxi service. There are multiple sources of this idea. In 2008, Garrett camp, a Canadian software engineer, was unable to take a taxi on the streets of San Francisco, but he bought a new iPhone, which inspired the birth of Uber. Logan green, a university student in California, sowed the seeds of LYFT when he saw the bus in Zimbabwe. Didi comes from the frustration of Chinese software engineer Cheng Wei, who missed several flights because he couldn't get a taxi < p > Figure 5: in August 2020, travelers call Uber at Los Angeles International Airport < / P > < p > these taxi companies provide mobility as a service rather than a product. Only when you want to have a car, you don't have to park it in the garage or parking lot for a long time. They offer the possibility of enjoying the convenience of owning a car at any time without having to buy it

, the third component of the "new car world", needs more support from the "brain". In 2005 and 2007, DARPA, a research and Development Department of the US Department of defense, funded two challenges to prove the concept of autopilot. The two events took place on the rugged desert track in Nevada and the abandoned U.S. Air Force Base in California. By 2010, Sebastian Tron (Sebastian Thrun) announced that from the Hollywood avenue to Too vast lake, Google's self driving car had already visited many places. Tren's team won the first DARPA challenge when he worked at Google < p > the competition has begun, and since then, technology companies, automobile manufacturers, suppliers, industrial companies, start-ups, entrepreneurs and venture capitalists have gathered in dazzling combinations of cross investment, alliances and acquisitions

automatic driving vehicle testing is now being carried out in several states of the United States. Nuro, a Silicon Valley start-up company, has obtained permission to send automatic driving vehicles in California. This month, Houston began testing pizza automatic delivery service. One of the main goals of autopilot cars is to reduce accidents. The Biden administration and the US Congress are seeking to develop a federal framework for networking and automated vehicles, including safety measures and network security, to ensure that there are enough radio spectrum to manage them. p> < p > at the federal and state levels, regulators and legislators began to work hard to solve a series of regulatory problems. Who owns the huge data generated by such cars? Who is legally responsible for the collision, the person sitting in the car, the company supplying or manufacturing the vehicle, or the company choosing the route? Who can see where and when people come and go in real time? Another challenge for such cars is the psychological barrier. There is no doubt that most people need years to fully adapt to the automatic driving vehicle without steering wheel or brake pedal. p> "Great progress has been made in achieving the top 90% of autonomous driving," Burns said. But the next nine percent will take longer than the first 90 percent, and the last one percent will take longer than the nine percent. " < p > < b > "automobile new world" will have a far-reaching impact < / b > < / P > < p > however, "automobile new world" is obviously taking shape. With its gradual development in the next few decades, it will have a far-reaching impact on our personal life, American economy and the status of the United States in the world order < p > for many people in urban areas, due to the sharing or public vehicles, the relationship between Americans and cars will be alienated. For more and more people, the well-known automobile era, that is, the car as a symbol of identity, will disappear. Only a few hardcore car fans want to keep their hands on the steering wheel < p > for young people, getting a driver's license will no longer be a ceremony to really start their life, but a Uber app bound with their parents' credit card. For today's children, they may think that driving is like typing words on a typewriter. When the extra partners are Uber drivers or just software and sensors, cars are less attractive < p > the decrease of gasoline consumption will lead to the decrease of gasoline tax revenue, which means that road maintenance will depend on the seamless assessment of toll by sensors when vehicles are driving on the road. In many cities, because people choose to take a taxi and carpool, public transport will face the problem of load reduction < p > "new world of cars" will also strengthen the new mode of telework triggered by the epidemic, so that people can spend an extra hour or two on commuting in those working days. Car sales will decrease as the number of people using online car Hailing will increase, and fewer people will work in the auto industry and the service industry that supports car ownership < p > who will be the economic winner of this great change? Car companies around the world are preparing for the coming disruption. Toyota is repositioning itself as a "mobile company.". Volkswagen has gone further and now boasts of being a "software driven mobile provider." < p > but the biggest beneficiaries are likely to be those companies that do not yet exist. In the future, a new model will appear in personal driving cars. You can "order" the car for two years, then order a separate automated service, which automatically sets the route and driving service, and then when you get out of the car, stop and update its software < p > the more radical idea is that in the future, there will be a large number of autonomous electric vehicles charging at the city central station, which are owned by companies that have mastered the integration of hardware and software. These cars will be able to be used continuously, which will greatly improve the economic benefits of use. After all, most cars today are idle 90% or more of the time < p > the car market may also be divided into two parts, one is the smaller private car market created for people who need or want to drive, or people living in rural areas, and the other is the larger and more commercialized car market, which provides mobility as a service to quickly bring people wherever they want to go < p > China has taken upgrading the global manufacturing value chain as its fundamental goal, and designated automobile as its core strategic industry. Although China has the world's largest market for new cars (about 50% bigger than the US), it is too late to catch up with established gasoline powered car makers. However, with electric vehicles, China has leapt to the forefront, with nearly half of the world's electric vehicles and a broad domestic market < p > based on these experiences and low-cost scale manufacturing, China will become a strong competitor in the global electric vehicle market. China is also actively leading the lithium battery supply chain, which is the foundation of today's electric vehicles, with more than 80% of the batteries manufactured by Chinese companies < p > "new world of automobile" has not come yet, and there are still many technical and economic problems to be answered. But when these components are really combined on a large scale, regardless of the timing and final form, its impact will be far-reaching, just like the first automobile revolution more than 100 years ago（ Small) < / P > < p > <-- EndFragment-->