Gates: do we need to be afraid of the new coronavirus mutating

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novel coronavirus pneumonia

. blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97 "> vaccine < / a > has been successfully developed, and people all over the world have begun to vaccinate one after another, and the epidemic situation has also begun to ease. However, Microsoft co-founder bill · < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%9B%96%E8%8C%A8 "> Bill Gates warned that due to the new crown < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92 "> virus < / a > persistent < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82 "> mutation < / a >, which will complicate efforts to end the pandemic. On how to deal with virus mutation, gates hopes that people can correctly understand. the following is the full text of Gates's post: in the past year, I have spent a lot of time meeting with our foundation and colleagues around the world to discuss how to detect, treat and prevent new coronavirus infection. In recent months, more and more experts attending these meetings have asked the same question: how will the mutation of the new coronavirus affect our efforts to end the epidemic?

novel coronavirus pneumonia has been a long way in the world against the outbreak of new crown pneumonia, but the virus mutation may threaten our past progress. If you want to understand how these mutations make ending the epidemic more complicated, we should know the following five things: 1_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F "> influenza < / a > vaccine indicates that you have been exposed to a mutant virus the virus is always evolving over time. For people who study infectious diseases, there is nothing special about virus mutation. The ability of influenza viruses to mutate rapidly is an important reason for us to get new influenza vaccines every year. We need to update the vaccine every year to be able to prevent the constant variation of influenza virus.

to understand what causes novel coronavirus pneumonia virus mutation, you need to understand how it spreads in your body. The new coronavirus, like all viruses, has only one goal, which is to replicate itself. Every time a virus invades your cell, it will trick the cell into copying more viruses according to the instructions encoded in RNA. when a cell makes a new virus, it has to copy these instructions. If you've ever had a typing class at school, you'll know how hard it is to type repeatedly without making mistakes. The virus code for novel coronavirus pneumonia has about 30000 letters long, and there will be many opportunities to mess up, so is COVID-19. most errors cause the virus to either function the same or not replicate. But every once in a while, there is a change that makes the virus more likely to infect humans or escape the immune system. When this change starts to spread among people, new mutant viruses appear. 2. We see the same mutation repeatedly, which may be good news all viruses will evolve, but not all viruses will evolve at the same speed and way. Some viruses mutate quickly, like influenza viruses, while others mutate slowly. Fortunately for us, the new coronavirus belongs to the latter, and its mutation rate is about half that of the influenza virus. I know that it feels like there are constantly new mutated viruses. This is because there are so many viruses spreading in the world, which gives it more opportunities to mutate. Once the number of infected cases drops, I think we'll see a significant reduction in the frequency of new mutations. compared with influenza virus, NCV is a much simpler virus. Influenza viruses consist of eight gene fragments that can be rearranged in many different ways. So far, the most striking mutations we have seen all occur in the same place, that is, the spike protein protruding from the surface of the virus. this spike protein is the key to the spread of the new coronavirus, and its shape enables the virus to attach to human cells. If the spike protein changes slightly, it may be more effective in binding to cells, making the virus easier to spread, or more difficult to detect by the immune system, which makes people more vulnerable to it. But if it changes too much, the virus will no longer be able to enter the gateway that is critical to its life cycle. this limited ability to change may explain why we always see the same variation in different places, rather than many completely different variations. B. 1.1.7 (first found in the UK) and b.1.351 (first found in South Africa) both evolved independently, but they had many of the same mutations. Obviously, these specific mutations are more likely to succeed than other mutations. 3. The virus is mutating, but the plan to end the epidemic remains unchanged in the past year, public health experts have been repeating some form of the same message: we need to do everything we can to stop the spread of the new coronavirus until the vaccine is ready and available to all. the good news is that many vaccines used today seem to be able to prevent severe infections, even new mutant viruses. We need more data on the effect of each vaccine on different mutated viruses, but a lot of early data are encouraging. Especially in Israel, where many people have been vaccinated, the b.1.1.7 strain is dominant. now the biggest question is whether we need to update the vaccine to target the mutated virus. Regulators and pharmaceutical companies are working on an improved vaccine, which could be launched in a few months if deemed necessary. In the United States, most people are likely to be vaccinated before the end of summer, and some may eventually be vaccinated with a booster to protect against the extra mutated virus. at present, the key is to continue to follow the best prevention and treatment programs, and the best way to prevent the emergence of new mutant virus is to completely stop the spread of the virus. If we can continue to keep a safe distance, wear masks and vaccinate, it will help to end the epidemic faster. The mutated virus makes vaccines available everywhere more important. the new coronavirus is ubiquitous, which is a threat to the health of all people. The original virus is like this, so is the mutant virus. The more new coronavirus exists in the world, the greater the chance of its evolution, which also helps us to develop new methods to solve the problemFight it. If we don't distribute vaccines to every corner of the globe, we will have to face the possibility of more dangerous mutated viruses. We may even see the emergence of a super mutated virus, which will invalidate all existing vaccines. no one wants this to happen, and the best way to make sure it doesn't is to distribute the vaccine to everyone who needs it, no matter where they live. That is what novel coronavirus pneumonia vaccine is being provided to low-income countries through the Covax initiative, which is working with government agencies, vaccine manufacturers and non-profit organizations. covax recently announced that the project will be able to deliver 300 million doses of vaccine by mid-2021. That's good news, but the world needs more vaccines if we are to really eliminate the threat of the new coronavirus. I hope that rich countries will continue to support covax's work, even though life in some parts of the world will begin to return to normal in the summer. 5. We can do better next time virus mutation is inevitable. We novel coronavirus pneumonia should be able to learn and learn better if we find ourselves in a pandemic and find the pathogen spreading across the globe. In addition, the difference is that we should be able to find the mutated virus earlier. the key will be the combination of gene sequencing and better disease monitoring. Now, if your new coronavirus test is positive, your test sample may be selected for gene sequencing. This allowed the researchers to see the exact 30000 letter code that makes up the RNA instruction of the virus. The code is uploaded to a database where the computer compares the virus in your sample with all the other viruses in circulation. If the new strain you're carrying starts to reappear in your area, scientists can compare the sequence data with transmission, mortality and hospitalization rates to see if they need to worry. researchers need to take a systematic approach to detect mutations early. Some experts believe that we need to sequence at least 5% of the tested samples to accurately understand how pathogens mutate. The UK has analyzed nearly 8% of the test samples and linked the data to their monitoring capabilities, which helps them find that b.1.1.7 spreads faster and more lethal. South Africa was able to quickly understand the effect of the vaccine on b.1.351 by comparing the results of clinical trials there with sequencing data.

, long after novel coronavirus pneumonia has been in the worst period, our tools for monitoring the variation of the virus will prove invaluable. Extensive sequencing should be an important part of the next epidemic response plan. If you sequence enough and compare the data with other metrics, you can see worrying variations when the virus first appears. The earlier you find the mutated virus, the more time you have to study it and, if necessary, adjust the vaccine and treatment to cope with any changes that have taken place. there is no doubt that the virus mutation will complicate our efforts to end the epidemic. Even if the worst is over, we need to be vigilant. Fortunately, we know what we need to do to stop them. At present, the best thing you can do to protect yourself is to follow public health guidelines and get vaccinated as soon as possible. (small)

2023-03-22 10:04:31

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