In order to speed up the development of China's integrated circuit industry, I saw some representatives calling for future candidates of college entrance examination to apply for the major of integrated circuit. Is this appeal helpful to the development of China's integrated circuit industry? From the perspective of the industry, this approach is of little help to the development of integrated circuits in China. < / P > < p > < / P > < p > because the integrated circuit industry is not an information industry, artificial intelligence algorithm, etc., through the university classroom education, you can learn the necessary basic knowledge in books, and after graduation, you can achieve success if you have a computer and can program, but there is no shortcut to develop the integrated circuit industry. < / P > < p > as a graduate of integrated circuit design and manufacturing in a professional university, I witnessed the process of China's integrated circuits from the 1980s to the 1990s. At that time, the Research Institute in Shanghai produced Intel & nbsp; 8088, the first generation 16 bit chip of X86, which was the CPU used by 80186 IBM compatible computers_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87 "> chip < / a >, at the same time, the Research Institute in Beijing also produced a sample of Motorola's MC6800 16 bit computer, which was the CPU chip used by apple-1 personal computer at that time. However, due to the low qualification rate of the product, there was no mass production, and it only applied for scientific research to the fourth and first machine departments as scientific research achievements It's just a result. < / P > < p > at that time, the line width of foreign IC design was at 2 μ m level, and that of domestic IC design was at 6 μ m level_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E5%85%89%E5%88%BB%E6%9C%BA "> photoresist < / a > at the 10 micron level, if you want to manufacture integrated circuits with 6 micron line width, you still need to buy a photoresist from ASML company in the Netherlands. After 1995, a large number of domestic semiconductor factories closed down, because foreign similar products are much cheaper, so it is much cheaper to buy than to make. < / P > < p > at that time, there were not many integrated circuit units left behind. Even so, they could only change from large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) and 2 micron process to thin film / thick film circuit, which were all 10 / 20 micron processes. < / P > < p > it wasn't until around 2000 that some research institutes began to design and manufacture integrated circuits again. However, at that time, the level of integrated circuit design and manufacturing in China was not a little lower than that of its foreign counterparts. Around 2000, there were two CPU chips in the design, one was the ark chip made by Ni Guangnan's leading group, and the other was a 32 CPU chip similar to x86 instruction set Bit computer chip, another Loongson based on free MIPS instruction set developed by the Institute of computing, Chinese Academy of Sciences. MIPS is a RISC architecture chip. Because of the poor performance of instruction set, foreign manufacturers have opened the design source code to the public for free, but if they really want to use it as a commercial product, they have to buy a commercial license from them. < / P > < p > therefore, Loongson is inherently deficient, and the instruction set is very inefficient. Compared with arm instruction set, which is also RISC framework, it is much more efficient than MIPs. Nowadays, chips based on ARM core have already monopolized the whole high-end market, and Loongson is still on the edge of application. Among the two chips mentioned above, ark chip has long been discontinued, and Loongson is only looking for applications at the micro controller level < / P > < p > after 2000, these domestic chips can be designed and produced, thanks to the fabless & nbsp; in the integrated circuit industry; Manufacturing, translated into Chinese, is the rise of "no process line chip manufacturing". For chip design after 2000, you only need to buy the three American < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=EDA "> EDA < / a > Company's integrated circuit design software can design world-class chips by buying relevant function libraries. For example, Kirin 9000 designed by Huawei is a chip with 5-nanometer process and arm instruction set. After the design is completed, it will be commissioned to TSMC for production, and it will be a great success. < / P > < p > from then on, it seems that chip (large scale integrated circuit) design and manufacturing, in many cases, is a matter of chip design, if the chip design is done well, other things can be done by outsourcing factories. This is just like the reason that when a book is published, as long as you buy an adobe typesetting software, you can arrange the written articles into a professional format, and then entrust a printing factory to print them. That is, a person's enterprise can also publish books. < / P > < p > to say, chip manufacturing is not so simple. It is at least a nine dimensional industry. Now, because of the division of labor and cooperation within the industry, when it comes to end users, a nine dimensional industry has become a one dimensional chip design work. < / P > < p > in peacetime, the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain support each other, and everything can operate normally. However, once the upstream suppliers get stuck, the downstream designers will become skillful wives, and it is difficult to make bricks without straw. This is the reality that China is now faced with the United States getting stuck in the design and production of integrated circuits. < / P > < p > in order to get rid of the U.S. containment and suppression on China's IC industry, China must get rid of the U.S. technology control in these nine dimensions, and fully realize the self-sufficiency of chip design and manufacturing technology and equipment. < / P > < p > What are the nine dimensions of IC design and manufacturing? The nine dimensions of IC design and manufacturing are composed of three direct dimensions of manufacturing, three indirect dimensions of manufacturing, and three design related dimensions. < / P > < p > from the upstream and downstream of chip manufacturing, the first dimension is high-quality wafer refining (ultra-high purity monocrystalline silicon materials, generally 12 9's purity, that is 99.999999%). To extract such a large area (generally 8-12 inches) of high-purity wafers, in addition to high-quality silicon materials, also requires high-quality refining equipment (the second dimension) ）And refining process (the third dimension). The fourth dimension is all kinds of high-purity chemical solvents and photoresists used in the process line. For example, hydrochloric acid for simple washing also needs to be 12-9 purity. The production equipment (the fifth dimension) and manufacturing process (the sixth dimension) of these solvents and photoresists are essential materials for manufacturing. With the wafer and process The seventh dimension is the equipment for chip production. Of course, the lithography machine with the highest media exposure is the first to bear the brunt, but the chip manufacturing equipment is far more than one lithography machine, as well as epitaxial equipment, ion implantation, diffusion furnace, etc.

从芯片设计上下游来看，EDA工具是芯片设计的必备工具，没有EDA工具，芯片设计无从谈起，现在EDA领域被美国三大?
2023-03-22 10:04:30